NTFS: What Is the New Technology File System?

Written by Coursera Staff • Updated on

NTFS is a journaling file system that stores metadata through the use of a partition boot sector, a master file table, and system files. Explore more about NTFS and its features.

[Featured image] An IT support specialist is researching the New Technology File System (NTFS).

Key takeaways

NTFS, developed by Microsoft in 1993, is a file system that organizes and stores files more efficiently than its predecessor, FAT.

  • NTFS utilizes complex binary trees to index files, allowing for fast file retrieval.

  • On Windows Server 19, Windows 10 version 1709 and newer, NTFS supports volumes as great as eight petabytes.

Discover the characteristics of NTFS and how it compares to the earlier FAT file system. If you’re ready to start preparing for a role in IT support, consider pursuing Google’s IT Support Professional Certificate to develop the skills required to succeed in an entry-level IT job. You’ll have the opportunity to learn how to perform routine IT support tasks such as computer assembly and wireless networking. 

What is NTFS used for?

The new technology file system, or NT file system (NTFS), provides virtual space to organize and store files. It also notes file positions in folders, creation dates, and details about access and provides data encryption. 

NTFS was developed by Microsoft and launched in 1993 to replace its predecessor, the file allocation table (FAT) system, for better performance and enhanced data support. Recent Windows versions and various operating systems in Windows Server use NTFS as the primary file system. Learn more about the key features of NTFS. 

Key features of NTFS

The NTFS system offers advanced functions, including increased reliability, security encryption, large volume support, and administrative control, making it a high-performance and powerful storage solution.

  • Journaling file system: One of the essential features allowing NTFS to improve the reliability of the system and data integrity is its transaction journal. A particular benefit is that it completes its journaling before making changes to the disk, which allows faster recovery without data loss in the event of a power or system failure in the midst of disk changes.

  • Advanced security: The access control list (ACL) feature grants administrators the authority to set permissions for specific groups or users to access or restrict files and folders. BitLocker Drive Encryption provides device encryption support, which increases the security level for critical system information and stored data. The encryption prevents access from external sources by blocking files needed to discover the user’s passwords.

  • Extensive volume support: On newer versions of Windows, including Windows Server 19, Windows 10 version 1709 and newer, NTFS supports volumes as great as eight petabytes, although the size and number of clusters can impact the system’s capability.

NTFS for Mac

You can use a program called NTFS for Mac to interact with NTFS files on a Mac computer.

  • Logging: Tracking files is conveniently done by an administrator through the master file table’s logging and auditing system. Records provide access to see what has been added, removed, or altered.

  • Capacity allocation: Administrators have the capacity to assign disk usage quotas to individual users, which is effective for tracking and controlling space used on shared network drives.

  • Quick access to files: NTFS uses complex binary trees to index files, enabling rapid retrieval for file access. 

Read more: Information Technology (IT) Terms: A to Z Glossary

exFat vs. NTFS 

NTFS and exFAT are both file formats supported by Windows. You can compare and contrast them with The Differences Between exFAT vs. NTFS.

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